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目前沼氣凈化的方法有三大類(lèi)，即化學(xué)吸收，物理提純和生物脫除。
At present, there are three main types of methods for biogas purification, namely chemical absorption, physical purification, and biological removal.
1、化學(xué)吸收。一種化學(xué)吸收機(jī)理是采用胺、堿，醇等復(fù)合溶液吸收劑，利用酸堿中和反應(yīng)吸收沼氣中的CO2、H2S等酸性物質(zhì)，同時(shí)也能吸收NH3等易溶于水、醇的氣體。另一種化學(xué)吸收機(jī)理是采用干化學(xué)物質(zhì)（如Fe2O3） 作為吸收劑吸收雜質(zhì)氣體。化學(xué)吸收的吸收劑都可以通過(guò)裝置的自?xún)粝到y(tǒng)和再生系統(tǒng)釋放出各種雜質(zhì)和氣體得到再生循環(huán)使用。
1. Chemical absorption. One chemical absorption mechanism is to use composite solution absorbents such as amines, bases, and alcohols to absorb acidic substances such as CO2 and H2S from biogas through acid-base neutralization reactions, while also absorbing gases such as NH3 that are easily soluble in water and alcohols. Another chemical absorption mechanism is to use dry chemical substances (such as Fe2O3) as absorbents to absorb impurity gases. The absorbent of chemical absorption can release various impurities and gases through the self purification system and regeneration system of the device for regeneration and reuse.
2、物理提純。通過(guò)此機(jī)理凈化沼氣的主要是變壓吸附法。利用吸附劑在不同壓力條件下對(duì)不同氣體吸附力不同的原理來(lái)分離沼氣中的不同組份。沼氣中的H2O、CO2、H2S等吸附容量較大的強(qiáng)吸附組分在一定壓力下被吸附劑吸附停留在床層中，而較小吸附容量的弱吸附組分N2、CH4?等從床層出口輸出，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)沼氣的凈化。
2. Physical purification. The main method for purifying biogas through this mechanism is pressure swing adsorption. The principle of using adsorbents with different adsorption capacities for different gases under different pressure conditions to separate different components in biogas. The strong adsorption components such as H2O, CO2, and H2S with larger adsorption capacity in biogas are adsorbed by the adsorbent and remain in the bed under certain pressure, while the weak adsorption components N2 and CH4 with smaller adsorption capacity? By waiting for the output from the bed outlet, the purification of biogas has been achieved.
3、生物脫除。在一定的條件下利用微生物生長(zhǎng)繁殖需要沼氣中某些雜質(zhì)氣體作為營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)沼氣的凈化。
3. Biological removal. Under certain conditions, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms require certain impurity gases in biogas as nutrients, in order to achieve the purification of biogas.
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2024-04-08
