曾幾何時，養(yǎng)殖場的沼氣被直接“點天燈”燒掉，污水處理廠的沼氣被白白排放。如今，沼氣脫硫技術的成熟讓這些被浪費的沼氣有了“用武之地”——經過脫硫凈化后，沼氣可以驅動發(fā)電機組發(fā)電、可以提純?yōu)樯锾烊粴獠⑷牍芫W(wǎng)、可以替代化石能源。沼氣脫硫，正是這場“變廢為寶”革命的第一道關口。

Once upon a time, the biogas from breeding farms was directly burned by "sky lanterns", and the biogas from sewage treatment plants was discharged in vain. Nowadays, the maturity of biogas desulfurization technology has given these wasted biogas a "place to use" - after desulfurization and purification, biogas can drive power generation units, be purified into bio natural gas and integrated into pipelines, and can replace fossil fuels. Biogas desulfurization is the first hurdle in this "turning waste into treasure" revolution.

沼氣脫硫的必要性源于硫化氫的“破壞力”。沼氣從厭氧發(fā)酵裝置產出時，非常是在中溫或高溫發(fā)酵時，攜帶有大量的H?S。由于沼氣中含有大量水蒸氣，水與H?S共同作用，加速了金屬管道、閥門和流量計的腐蝕和堵塞。H?S燃燒后生成的SO?，與燃燒產物中的水蒸氣結合成亞硫酸，進一步腐蝕設備金屬表面，同時造成大氣環(huán)境污染，影響人體健康。因此，在使用沼氣之前，脫除H?S是必不可少的一環(huán)。

The necessity of biogas desulfurization stems from the destructive power of hydrogen sulfide. When biogas is produced from anaerobic fermentation equipment, especially during medium or high temperature fermentation, it carries a large amount of H? S. Due to the presence of a large amount of water vapor in biogas, the combined action of water and H2S accelerates the corrosion and blockage of metal pipelines, valves, and flow meters. The SO? Generated after H? S combustion combines with the water vapor in the combustion products to form sulfurous acid, which further corrodes the metal surface of equipment and causes atmospheric pollution, affecting human health. Therefore, removing H2S is an essential step before using biogas.

沼氣脫硫的技術進化正在加速。傳統(tǒng)的干法脫硫雖然簡單，但脫硫劑頻繁更換導致運行成本居高不下。濕法脫硫通過堿液吸附結合催化劑再生，降低了勞動強度。而生物脫硫作為第三代技術，通過氧化還原電位調控實現(xiàn)選擇性轉化，將硫化氫轉化為單質硫，實現(xiàn)了“零化學藥劑消耗”的理想狀態(tài)。近年來，絡合鐵脫硫工藝作為新興的濕法氧化脫硫技術，脫硫效率高，已應用于沼氣廢液脫硫等領域。絡合鐵脫硫技術是一種以絡合鐵溶液為催化劑的濕式氧化還原脫除H?S的方法，能一步將H?S轉變成元素S，H?S脫除率可達99%以上。

The technological evolution of biogas desulfurization is accelerating. Although traditional dry desulfurization is simple, frequent replacement of desulfurizers leads to high operating costs. Wet desulfurization reduces labor intensity by adsorbing alkaline solution and regenerating catalyst. As a third-generation technology, biological desulfurization achieves selective conversion by regulating the redox potential, converting hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and achieving the ideal state of "zero chemical consumption". In recent years, the chelated iron desulfurization process, as an emerging wet oxidation desulfurization technology, has high desulfurization efficiency and has been applied in fields such as biogas waste liquid desulfurization. Complex iron desulfurization technology is a wet oxidation-reduction method using complex iron solution as a catalyst to remove H-S, which can convert H-S into elemental S in one step? The removal rate of S can reach over 99%.

沼氣脫硫的產業(yè)價值正在被越來越多的項目所驗證。北京市小紅門再生水廠新建4臺燃氣內燃發(fā)電機組，總裝機4.8兆瓦，通過準確的負荷匹配與系統(tǒng)集成，將沼氣資源轉化為清潔電力。該項目的沼氣處理系統(tǒng)從前端的生物脫硫、兩級增壓與精密的干式脫硫，到后端的尾氣脫硝、脫碳處理，每一個環(huán)節(jié)均以提升沼氣品質為目標，為發(fā)電機組持續(xù)提供“高品質沼氣”。定遠皖能環(huán)保電廠生物質沼氣資源化利用項目，含沼氣脫硫凈化和脫碳提純系統(tǒng)，將凈化后的沼氣輸送至下游城鎮(zhèn)燃氣接駁。揚州市某廚余垃圾資源化利用項目的沼氣生物脫硫實踐，為國內同類型項目調試提供了寶貴參考。

The industrial value of biogas desulfurization is being increasingly validated by more and more projects. Beijing Xiaohongmen Reclaimed Water Plant has newly built 4 gas-fired internal combustion generator units with a total installed capacity of 4.8 megawatts. Through precise load matching and system integration, biogas resources are efficiently converted into clean electricity. The biogas treatment system of this project aims to improve the quality of biogas at every stage, from front-end biological desulfurization, two-stage boosting and precision dry desulfurization, to back-end tail gas denitrification and decarbonization treatment, providing continuous "high-quality biogas" for power generation units. The biomass biogas resource utilization project of Dingyuan Wanneng Environmental Protection Power Plant includes a biogas desulfurization purification and decarbonization purification system, which transports the purified biogas to downstream urban gas connections. The practice of biogas biological desulfurization in a kitchen waste resource utilization project in Yangzhou City provides valuable reference for the commissioning of similar projects in China.

從“點火放空”到“變廢為寶”，沼氣脫硫正在用技術的進化，將每一立方米沼氣從“污染源”變成“能源寶”。當脫硫后的沼氣在發(fā)電機組中燃燒、在燃氣管網(wǎng)中流動，我們聽到的不僅是能量的轉化，更是循環(huán)經濟時代的腳步聲。

From "ignition and venting" to "turning waste into treasure", biogas desulfurization is using technological evolution to turn every cubic meter of biogas from a "pollution source" into an "energy treasure". When the desulfurized biogas is burned in the generator set and flows in the gas pipeline network, what we hear is not only the conversion of energy, but also the footsteps of the circular economy era.

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