提純率99%+不易堵塞！沼氣提純全流程揭秘，變廢為寶還能創(chuàng)收益

　　Purification rate of 99%+not easily clogged! The whole process of biogas purification is revealed, turning waste into treasure and creating profits

　　很多朋友對沼氣的印象，還停留在“農村做飯取暖”的初級階段，其實經過專業(yè)提純，沼氣能變成高純度生物天然氣，廣泛用于工業(yè)、交通甚至家庭管網，真正實現“變廢為寶”。今天就用大白話+實打實的數據，給大家嘮透沼氣提純的完整流程，核心說說提純過程中非常關鍵的含硫廢氣脫硫工藝，不管你是行業(yè)從業(yè)者，還是單純好奇，看完大多能有效搞懂，原來沼氣提純不僅環(huán)保，還藏著不小的收益空間。

　　Many friends' impression of biogas is still at the initial stage of "cooking and heating in rural areas". In fact, after professional purification, biogas can be turned into high-purity bio natural gas, which is widely used in industry, transportation, and even household pipelines, truly realizing the "turning waste into treasure". Today, using plain language and concrete data, we will explain the complete process of biogas purification to everyone, with a focus on the most critical sulfur-containing waste gas desulfurization process in the purification process. Whether you are an industry practitioner or simply curious, after reading it, you can thoroughly understand that biogas purification is not only environmentally friendly, but also has considerable profit potential.

　　先跟大家科普下，沼氣本身是個“潛力股”，主要由甲烷（約50%-60%）、二氧化碳（約40%）和少量硫化氫等雜質組成，其中硫化氫是“絆腳石”——不僅有劇毒、腐蝕性強，還會污染設備、影響提純后天然氣的品質，所以沼氣提純的第一步，也是非常核心的一步，就是含硫廢氣脫硫，這一步做好了，才能保證后續(xù)提純順利進行。

　　Let me first explain to you that biogas itself is a "potential stock", mainly composed of methane (about 50% -60%), carbon dioxide (about 40%), and a small amount of impurities such as hydrogen sulfide. Among them, hydrogen sulfide is a "stumbling block" - not only is it highly toxic and corrosive, but it can also pollute equipment and affect the quality of purified natural gas. Therefore, the first and most crucial step in biogas purification is desulfurization of sulfur-containing waste gas. Only by doing this step well can the subsequent purification proceed smoothly.

　　咱們常用的脫硫工藝，是又環(huán)保的生物脫硫法，全程不用復雜的化學試劑，靠“細菌”就能搞定，而且成本低、無二次污染。脫硫用的生物溶液，是專門配置的碳酸氫鹽水溶液，為了維持溶液的堿度和PH值穩(wěn)定（控制在7.5-8.5之間），系統(tǒng)會定期加入氫氧化鈉；同時還要補充少量營養(yǎng)物質和水分，滿足脫硫細菌的生長需求，這里有個省心的點——這些脫硫細菌在系統(tǒng)初始啟動時，只需要添加一次，后續(xù)就能靠自身繁殖維持活性，不用反復添加。

　　The commonly used desulfurization process is the efficient and environmentally friendly biological desulfurization method, which does not require complex chemical reagents throughout the process and can be solved by "bacteria", with low cost and no secondary pollution. The biological solution used for desulfurization is a specially prepared bicarbonate aqueous solution. In order to maintain the alkalinity and pH stability of the solution (controlled between 7.5-8.5), the system will regularly add sodium hydroxide; At the same time, it is necessary to supplement a small amount of nutrients and water to meet the growth needs of desulfurization bacteria. Here is a worry free point - these desulfurization bacteria only need to be added once at the initial start-up of the system, and can maintain their activity through self reproduction without repeated addition.

　　脫硫流程分為三個核心階段，全程自動化運行，不用人工過多干預。第一個階段是吸收分離，生物溶液會從生物反應器中，通過泵輸送到洗滌塔頂部，在接觸器的作用下，均勻噴灑在洗滌塔的填料填充床上，填料床能提升接觸面積，確保生物溶液和含硫沼氣充分接觸，接觸效率達98%以上。通過洗滌塔內的物理化學反應，沼氣中的硫化氫會以硫化物的形式，快速溶解在生物溶液中，而處理后的沼氣（已去除大部分硫化氫），會向上流動到洗滌塔頂部的出口，進入下一道提純工序。這里要注意，這個階段的硫細菌不參與反應，只負責“分離”硫元素，非常后聚集在洗滌塔底部。

　　The desulfurization process is divided into three core stages, which operate automatically throughout the process without excessive manual intervention. The first stage is absorption separation, where the biological solution is pumped from the bioreactor to the top of the washing tower. Under the action of the contactor, it is evenly sprayed onto the packed bed of the washing tower, which can increase the contact area and ensure full contact between the biological solution and sulfur-containing biogas, with a contact efficiency of over 98%. Through the physical and chemical reactions inside the washing tower, hydrogen sulfide in the biogas will quickly dissolve in the biological solution in the form of sulfides. The treated biogas (which has removed most of the hydrogen sulfide) will flow upward to the outlet at the top of the washing tower and enter the next purification process. It should be noted that sulfur bacteria at this stage do not participate in the reaction and are only responsible for "separating" sulfur elements, which eventually gather at the bottom of the washing tower.

　　第二個階段是生物再生，也是整個脫硫工藝的“核心魔法”。底部富集了硫化物的液體，會通過泵再次輸送到生物反應器中，反應器內的紅外檢測儀會實時探測硫化物的濃度，精度達0.1ppm，然后通過變頻技術驅動鼓風機，為細菌輸送適量的空氣——空氣量嚴格控制在每立方米溶液0.8-1.2立方米，既能滿足細菌活性需求，又不會造成能源浪費。在氧氣的幫助下，無數脫硫細菌會“吃掉”液體中的硫化物，然后排泄出單質硫，這種單質硫是親水性的，不會附著在設備內壁，能有效避免系統(tǒng)堵塞，解決了傳統(tǒng)脫硫工藝的一大痛點。

　　The second stage is biological regeneration, which is also the "core magic" of the entire desulfurization process. The liquid enriched with sulfides at the bottom will be pumped back into the bioreactor. The infrared detector inside the reactor will detect the concentration of sulfides in real time with an accuracy of 0.1ppm. Then, the blower will be driven by frequency conversion technology to deliver an appropriate amount of air to the bacteria - the air volume is strictly controlled at 0.8-1.2 cubic meters per cubic meter of solution, which can meet the bacterial activity requirements without causing energy waste. With the help of oxygen, countless desulfurization bacteria will "eat" sulfides in the liquid and excrete elemental sulfur, which is hydrophilic and will not adhere to the inner wall of the equipment, completely avoiding system blockage and solving a major pain point of traditional desulfurization processes.

　　等細菌完成“消化”，生物溶液就實現了再生，純度恢復到初始狀態(tài)，會再次被泵送到洗滌塔頂部，進入下一個循環(huán)，循環(huán)利用率達95%以上，大幅降低了溶液消耗成本。第三個階段是固液分離，一部分再生后的洗滌液會被分離出來，泵送到重力沉降器中，里面含有10%-15%的單質硫淤渣，再通過離心機或壓濾機進行渣水分離，分離后的清液會重新回到系統(tǒng)循環(huán)使用，實現資源非常大化利用。

　　After the bacteria complete the "digestion", the biological solution is regenerated and the purity is restored to its initial state. It will be pumped again to the top of the washing tower and enter the next cycle, with a recycling rate of over 95%, greatly reducing the cost of solution consumption. The third stage is solid-liquid separation, where a portion of the regenerated washing solution is separated and pumped to a gravity settler containing 10% -15% of elemental sulfur sludge. The sludge is then separated from water using a centrifuge or filter press, and the separated clear liquid is recycled back to the system for maximum resource utilization.

　　分離出來的生物硫，也不是廢料，反而能創(chuàng)造額外收益。這些生物硫以硫漿的形式存在，按重量計算，硫的含量在55%-75%之間（剩余部分主要是少量硫酸鹽，因部分硫化物被氧化生成），經過進一步處理后，能制成硫基殺菌劑或肥料的硫組分，廣泛用于農業(yè)和化工領域，真正實現“變廢為寶”。

　　The separated biological sulfur is not waste, but can create additional revenue. These biological sulfur exist in the form of sulfur slurry, with a sulfur content ranging from 55% to 75% by weight (the remaining part is mainly a small amount of sulfate, which is generated by oxidation of some sulfides). After further processing, they can be made into sulfur based fungicides or fertilizers as sulfur components, which are widely used in agriculture and chemical industries, truly achieving the goal of "turning waste into treasure".

　　這里補充幾個關鍵數據，讓大家更直觀了解沼氣提純的優(yōu)勢：整套生物脫硫系統(tǒng)，硫化氫去除率達99.5%以上，能將沼氣中的硫化氫濃度從幾千ppm降至10ppm以下，完全滿足后續(xù)提純要求；脫硫后的沼氣，再經過膜分離或PSA提純工藝，甲烷純度能提升至95%-99%，達到工業(yè)和民用天然氣標準，每立方米提純成本僅0.3-0.5元，而提純后的生物天然氣，市場售價可達3.8元/立方米，收益空間可觀。

　　Here are a few key data points to provide a more intuitive understanding of the advantages of biogas purification: the entire biological desulfurization system has a hydrogen sulfide removal rate of over 99.5%, which can reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas from several thousand ppm to below 10ppm, fully meeting the subsequent purification requirements; After desulfurization, the methane purity can be increased to 95% -99% through membrane separation or PSA purification processes, meeting the standards of industrial and civilian natural gas. The purification cost per cubic meter is only 0.3-0.5 yuan, while the market price of purified biogas can reach 3.8 yuan/cubic meter, with considerable profit potential.

　　另外，系統(tǒng)運行過程中，因部分溶液會流出，需要定期補充補給水和氫氧化鈉，確保系統(tǒng)電導率維持在2000-3000μS/cm之間，保證細菌活性和脫硫效率。整套系統(tǒng)自動化程度高，運行穩(wěn)定性達99.8%，每年故障次數不超過2次，后期維護成本低，適配養(yǎng)殖場、垃圾處理廠等各類沼氣產生場景，既解決了沼氣污染問題，又能實現能源回收利用，契合環(huán)保和雙碳理念。

　　In addition, during the operation of the system, due to the outflow of some solutions, it is necessary to regularly replenish water and sodium hydroxide to ensure that the system conductivity is maintained between 2000-3000 μ S/cm, ensuring bacterial activity and desulfurization efficiency. The entire system has a high degree of automation, with a stability of 99.8% and no more than 2 failures per year. It has low maintenance costs and is suitable for various biogas production scenarios such as breeding farms and waste treatment plants. It not only solves the problem of biogas pollution, but also achieves energy recovery and utilization, which is in line with environmental protection and dual carbon concepts.

　　總結來說，沼氣提純不是復雜的技術，核心就是先靠生物脫硫法去除硫化氫，再通過后續(xù)工藝提升甲烷純度，全程環(huán)保、、低成本，還能實現資源循環(huán)利用。從含硫沼氣到高純度生物天然氣，再到可利用的生物硫，每一步大多能創(chuàng)造價值，既解決了環(huán)保難題，又能帶來實實在在的收益，這也是沼氣提純越來越受歡迎的核心原因。

　　In summary, biogas purification is not a complex technology. The core is to first remove hydrogen sulfide through biological desulfurization, and then improve methane purity through subsequent processes. The whole process is environmentally friendly, efficient, low-cost, and can also achieve resource recycling. From sulfur-containing biogas to high-purity bio natural gas, and then to usable bio sulfur, each step can create value, solving environmental problems while bringing tangible benefits. This is also the core reason why biogas purification is becoming increasingly popular.