大中型沼氣濕法脫硫塔裝載、使用、運(yùn)輸和儲存的注意事項有哪些?
What are the precautions for loading, use, transportation and storage of large and medium-sized biogas wet desulfurization tower?
近年來，中國沼氣產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。作為一種新型能源，不僅得到了國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的支持，而且在一個富煤、低油、貧氣的國家，對清潔能源的需求越來越大，沼氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展空間越來越大。那么，大中型沼氣濕法脫硫塔裝載、使用、運(yùn)輸和儲存的注意事項有哪些?
In recent years, China's biogas industry has developed rapidly. As a new type of energy, it is not only supported by the national industrial policy, but also in a country rich in coal, low in oil and poor in gas, the demand for clean energy is growing, and the development space of biogas industry is growing. Then, what are the precautions for loading, use, transportation and storage of large and medium-sized biogas wet desulfurization tower?
大中型沼氣濕法脫硫塔裝載、使用、運(yùn)輸和儲存的注意事項有哪些?
What are the precautions for loading, use, transportation and storage of large and medium-sized biogas wet desulfurization tower?
1.裝填前清洗脫硫塔，確定各層裝填量。分兩層或多層裝載。
1. Clean the desulfurization tower before loading and determine the loading amount of each layer. Loading in two or more layers.
2.裝爐時，先在爐壁上鋪一層鐵絲網(wǎng)和耐火球(或焦炭)，再鋪兩層20目左右的不銹鋼網(wǎng)，裝上脫硫劑。
2. When loading the furnace, first lay a layer of wire mesh and refractory balls (or coke) on the furnace wall, then lay two layers of 20 mesh stainless steel mesh and install desulfurizer.
3.脫硫劑應(yīng)從盡可能低的高度輕輕倒入爐膛，顆粒自由下落的高度應(yīng)小于0.5m。
3. The desulfurizing agent shall be poured into the furnace gently from the lowest possible height, and the free falling height of particles shall be less than 0.5m.
4.裝填過程中，催化劑應(yīng)分散均勻裝填，不允許集中傾倒或只從一側(cè)傾倒，以免裝填不均勻，造成氣偏。
4. During the loading process, the catalyst shall be loaded evenly, and it is not allowed to pour in a centralized manner or only from one side to avoid uneven loading and gas deviation.
5.裝填時，操作人員應(yīng)站在板上，嚴(yán)禁直接踩在催化劑上，以免產(chǎn)生新的粉末。
5. During loading, the operator shall stand on the plate and shall not directly step on the catalyst to avoid generating new powder.
裝上催化劑后，用木板刮去表面，再蓋上一層鐵網(wǎng)和耐火球。
After the catalyst is installed, the surface shall be scraped off with wood, and then covered with a layer of iron mesh and refractory balls.
7.原料氣中允許有適量的水蒸汽，但嚴(yán)禁帶大量水或床內(nèi)積水。塔前排水和塔底排水應(yīng)定期排放。
7. A proper amount of water vapor is allowed in the feed gas, but a large amount of water or water in the bed is prohibited. The drainage in front of the tower and the drainage at the bottom of the tower shall be regularly discharged.
8.多塔操作時，應(yīng)考慮氣體通過的順序，其工作硫容量應(yīng)盡可能接近飽和。
8. During multi tower operation, the sequence of gas passing shall be considered, and the working sulfur capacity shall be as close to saturation as possible.
9.沼氣濕法脫硫塔底部的閥門是出水口。注意排出積水。
9. The valve at the bottom of the biogas wet desulfurization tower is the water outlet. Pay attention to draining water.
脫硫工藝如何選擇?
How to choose desulfurization process?
1、干法脫硫
1. Dry desulfurization
干法脫硫中常用的方法是常壓氧化鐵脫硫。常溫常壓下，沼氣通過脫硫床，沼氣中的硫化氫與活性氧化鐵接觸，生成硫化鐵和硫化亞鐵。然后再生，含有硫化物的脫硫劑與空氣中的氧氣接觸。當(dāng)水存在時，硫化鐵轉(zhuǎn)化為氧化鐵和元素硫。這種脫硫和再生過程可以進(jìn)行多次，直到氧化鐵脫硫劑表面的大部分空隙被硫或其他雜質(zhì)覆蓋而失去活性。脫硫劑一旦失去活性，需要從塔中排出，在空地上攤開，然后在脫硫劑上均勻噴灑少量稀氨水，利用空氣中的氧氣進(jìn)行自然再生。
The common method in dry desulfurization is atmospheric iron oxide desulfurization. Under normal temperature and pressure, the biogas passes through the desulfurization bed, and the hydrogen sulfide in the biogas contacts with the active iron oxide to generate iron sulfide and ferrous sulfide. The desulfurizing agent containing sulfide is contacted with oxygen in the air. When water is present, iron sulfide is converted to iron oxide and elemental sulfur. This desulfurization and regeneration process can be carried out many times until most of the voids on the surface of the iron oxide desulfurizer are covered with sulfur or other impurities and become inactive. Once the desulfurizing agent loses its activity, it needs to be discharged from the tower, spread out on the open space, and then evenly spray a small amount of dilute ammonia on the desulfurizing agent for natural regeneration using the oxygen in the air.
2、濕法脫硫
2. Wet desulfurization
濕法脫硫包括直接氧化法、化學(xué)吸收法和物理吸收法。目前國內(nèi)常用的脫硫方法是直接氧化法，在液相中將硫化氫氧化成單質(zhì)硫。工藝比較簡單，可以直接得到單質(zhì)硫。這種方法主要用于處理低濃度硫化氫和高濃度二氧化碳的氣體。這種脫硫方法的缺點(diǎn)是溶液吸收硫化氫的硫容量低，所以溶液的循環(huán)量大，硫回收的處理量大。
Wet desulfurization includes direct oxidation method, chemical absorption method and physical absorption method. At present, the commonly used desulfurization method in China is direct oxidation method, which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur in the liquid phase. The process is simple, and elemental sulfur can be directly obtained. This method is mainly used to treat gases with low concentration of hydrogen sulfide and high concentration of carbon dioxide. The disadvantage of this desulfurization method is that the sulfur capacity of the solution to absorb hydrogen sulfide is low, so the circulation capacity of the solution is large and the treatment capacity of sulfur recovery is large.
3、干濕結(jié)合法脫硫
3. Wet and dry desulfurization
干濕法脫硫效率高，管理一體，綜合的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，維護(hù)簡單，設(shè)備壽命長，運(yùn)行可靠，脫硫劑價格低廉。它能集脫硫脫水于一體，設(shè)備能長時間連續(xù)進(jìn)行脫硫脫水。pH值用于控制初級脫硫效率。采用干法脫硫進(jìn)行二次脫硫，脫硫率提高到99.8%。
Dry and wet desulfurization has high efficiency, integrated management, low comprehensive operation cost, simple maintenance, long equipment life, reliable operation, and low desulfurization agent price. It can integrate desulfurization and dehydration, and the equipment can continuously carry out desulfurization and dehydration for a long time. The pH value is used to control the primary desulfurization efficiency. Dry desulfurization was adopted for secondary desulfurization, and the desulfurization rate was increased to 99.8%.
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