生物技術(shù)脫硫存在的主要問題和發(fā)展方向BDS方法中微生物和它們的酶發(fā)生催化效率反應(yīng)來釋放硫而不消耗烴，具有投資費(fèi)用低，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，可在常溫常壓下運(yùn)行，不需加氫等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
The main problems and development direction of biological desulfurization BDS method has the advantages of low investment cost, low operation cost, normal temperature and pressure, and no hydrogenation.
目前，很多煉油廠加氫脫硫裝置中，采用生物氫聯(lián)合脫硫裝置原設(shè)備生產(chǎn)低硫燃料的可行方法。但BDS工業(yè)化還存在一些問題，主要是化石燃料中的硫化合物，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，生物催化劑分解代謝的一些特定的有機(jī)硫化合物的作用良好，但其他一些含硫化合物的脫硫作用差。所以，繼續(xù)探索脫硫范圍較廣、選擇性寬的生物催化劑是研究的方向之一。
At present, it is a feasible method to produce low sulfur fuel by using the original equipment of biological hydrogen combined desulfurization unit in many refinery hydrodesulfurization units. However, there are still some problems in the industrialization of BDS. The sulfur compounds in fossil fuels are complex in structure. Some specific organic sulfur compounds metabolized by biocatalysts have good desulfurization effect, but others have poor desulfurization effect. Therefore, it is one of the research directions to continue to explore biocatalysts with wide desulfurization range and wide selectivity.
目前還有大量的基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究工作要做，未來的微生物脫硫研究將要在以下領(lǐng)域展開∶
At present, there are still a lot of basic research and application research work to be done. The future research on microbial desulfurization will be carried out in the following areas:
采用不同的模型化合物的整方位的研究探討石油微生物有機(jī)硫的脫除技術(shù)。目前的有機(jī)硫除研究主要集中在噻吩型含硫化合物方面，進(jìn)一步選擇硫醇，硫化物為兩個模型化合物進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。
Different model compounds were used to study the removal technology of organic sulfur from petroleum microorganism. At present, the research of organic sulfur removal mainly focuses on thiophene type sulfur compounds. Mercaptan and sulfide are selected as two model compounds for further research.
加強(qiáng)和微生物脫硫過程的規(guī)律性和機(jī)理的研究認(rèn)識。隨著基因工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展，研究微生物化脫硫的單找到細(xì)菌，生物化脫硫絮凝劑的制備方法和微生物化脫硫催化劑的篩選微生物和嗜硫提升生物化脫硫分子遺傳學(xué)的發(fā)展具有高脫硫活性的代謝機(jī)制的應(yīng)用研究。此外，脫硫菌抵菌能力和脫硫能力的提高是一個研究方向。生物工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展將會轉(zhuǎn)變諸多制約石油生物化脫硫研究工作的瓶頸。
Strengthen the research and understanding of the regularity and mechanism of microbial desulfurization process. With the development of genetic engineering technology, research on single bacteria of microbial desulfurization, preparation method of biological desulfurization flocculant and screening of microbial desulfurization catalyst, development of molecular genetics of microbial desulfurization and thiophilic enhancement, and Application Research on metabolic mechanism with high desulfurization activity. In addition, it is a research direction to improve the resistance and desulfurization ability of desulfurization bacteria. The development of bioengineering technology will change many bottlenecks that restrict the research of petroleum biological desulfurization.
進(jìn)一步探索的措施和工藝的脫硫，注意解決大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)、回收、循環(huán)脫硫應(yīng)變問題。由于在浮選操作中，須要有高濃度的細(xì)菌，可以有脫硫成果顯明，因此探索在表面改性的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，分選過程所需的細(xì)菌含量高。
Further explore the measures and process of desulfurization, pay attention to solve the problem of large-scale cultivation, recovery, circulating desulfurization. Because of the need for high concentration of bacteria in flotation operation, the desulfurization results can be obvious. Therefore, in the industrial production of surface modification, the bacterial content required in the separation process is high.
如果能在這些方面繼續(xù)改良該技術(shù)，生物脫硫的應(yīng)用將具有相當(dāng)廣闊的前景。
If we can continue to improve the technology in these aspects, the application of biological desulfurization will have a broad prospect.
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2021-05-21
