5大主流沼氣脫硫工藝全解析，選型不對損耗增30%+

　　Complete analysis of 5 mainstream biogas desulfurization processes, incorrect selection leads to a 30% increase in losses+

　　沼氣作為有機(jī)廢棄物資源化利用的核心產(chǎn)物，其含有的硫化氫（非常高可達(dá)8000ppm）具有強(qiáng)腐蝕性，不僅會縮短管道、發(fā)電機(jī)組等設(shè)備壽命，還會導(dǎo)致后續(xù)利用過程中尾氣排放超標(biāo)，成為沼氣商業(yè)化應(yīng)用的“絆腳石”。據(jù)行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全球沼氣脫硫市場規(guī)模2024年已達(dá)84.13億元，中國市場規(guī)模26.92億元，預(yù)計至2030年全球?qū)⒁?.76%的年增速增長至147.09億元。當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外常用的沼氣脫硫工藝主要有5類，不同工藝的適用場景、脫硫效率及運(yùn)維成本差異顯著，合理選型是降低損耗、提升效益的關(guān)鍵。

　　As the core product of organic waste resource utilization, biogas contains highly corrosive hydrogen sulfide (up to 8000ppm), which not only shortens the service life of equipment such as pipelines and generators, but also leads to excessive exhaust emissions during subsequent utilization, becoming a "stumbling block" for the commercial application of biogas. According to industry data, the global market size of biogas desulfurization has reached 8.413 billion yuan in 2024, with a market size of 2.692 billion yuan in China. It is expected that by 2030, the global market will grow at an annual rate of 9.76% to 14.709 billion yuan. There are mainly five types of commonly used biogas desulfurization processes at home and abroad, and the applicable scenarios, desulfurization efficiency, and operation and maintenance costs of different processes vary significantly. Accurate selection is the key to reducing losses and improving efficiency.

　　干法脫硫工藝是應(yīng)用非常廣泛的深度脫硫技術(shù)，核心通過活性碳系、氧化鐵系等固體脫硫劑，將氣態(tài)硫化物轉(zhuǎn)化為固體硫化物，設(shè)備制造簡單、操作便捷，脫硫凈化度可達(dá)99%以上，適合氣量小、硫化氫含量低且需深度脫硫的場景。其短板也較為明顯，脫硫劑雖可再生但利用價值低，達(dá)到飽和硫容后需更換，多用于精脫硫環(huán)節(jié)，用過的脫硫劑可通過摻煤燃燒或廠家回收再利用。

　　The dry desulfurization process is the most widely used deep desulfurization technology, which converts gaseous sulfides into solid sulfides through solid desulfurizers such as activated carbon and iron oxide. The equipment is easy to manufacture and operate, and the desulfurization purification degree can reach over 99%. It is suitable for scenarios with small gas volume, low hydrogen sulfide content, and deep desulfurization. Its shortcomings are also quite obvious. Although the desulfurizer is renewable, its utilization value is low. After reaching the saturation sulfur capacity, it needs to be replaced and is mostly used in the fine desulfurization process. Used desulfurizer can be burned with coal or recycled by the manufacturer.

　　濕式催化氧化法是工業(yè)規(guī)?；託饷摿虻闹髁鬟x擇，以純堿、催化劑和軟水為基礎(chǔ)脫硫溶液，通過堿液吸收、氧化再生和硫分離三個過程完成脫硫，硫化氫去除率穩(wěn)定在98%以上。該工藝的核心優(yōu)勢的是吸收液可循環(huán)使用，生成的硫膏可作為副產(chǎn)品銷售，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源回收，適配中大氣量、高硫化氫濃度的沼氣處理場景，但需配套富液槽、再生槽等設(shè)備，前期投入相對較高。

　　Wet catalytic oxidation is the mainstream choice for industrial scale biogas desulfurization. It uses pure alkali, catalyst, and soft water as the basis for desulfurization solution, and completes desulfurization through three processes: alkali absorption, oxidation regeneration, and sulfur separation. The hydrogen sulfide removal rate is stable at over 98%. The core advantage of this process is that the absorption liquid can be recycled, and the generated sulfur paste can be sold as a by-product, achieving resource recovery and adapting to biogas treatment scenarios with medium to large gas volumes and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations. However, it requires supporting equipment such as rich liquid tanks and regeneration tanks, and the initial investment is relatively high.

　　生物法脫硫分為堿式和酸式兩類，均依托脫硫細(xì)菌實(shí)現(xiàn)硫化物降解，環(huán)保性突出且運(yùn)行成本較低。堿式生物法采用排硫桿菌，通過硫吸收、生物反應(yīng)、硫分離三個單元協(xié)同作用，生成的硫泥純度可達(dá)95%-98%，經(jīng)處理后可制成高純度商品硫磺，適合中低氣量場景；酸式生物法以生物濾池為核心，雖無需復(fù)雜設(shè)備，但需向沼氣中混入氧氣、氮?dú)?，會影響沼氣熱值和安全性，且脫硫塔易堵塞，需頻繁清塔。

　　Biological desulfurization is divided into two types: alkaline and acidic, both of which rely on desulfurization bacteria to achieve sulfide degradation, with outstanding environmental protection and low operating costs. The basic biological method uses sulfur eliminating bacteria, and through the synergistic effect of sulfur absorption, biological reaction, and sulfur separation, the purity of the generated sulfur sludge can reach 95% -98%. After treatment, it can be made into high-purity commercial sulfur, suitable for medium and low gas volume scenarios; The acid based biological method uses a biological filter as its core. Although it does not require complex equipment, oxygen and nitrogen need to be mixed into the biogas, which will affect the calorific value and safety of the biogas. In addition, the desulfurization tower is prone to blockage and needs to be cleaned frequently.

　　濕式絡(luò)合鐵催化氧化法是脫硫的優(yōu)選工藝，依托Fe??絡(luò)合物的氧化還原性質(zhì)，直接將硫化氫氧化為單質(zhì)硫，吸收液可循環(huán)再生，脫硫效率可達(dá)99.5%以上，且反應(yīng)速度快、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，適配高濃度硫化氫、大氣量的沼氣處理場景。其核心短板是催化劑成本較高，對操作工藝要求更嚴(yán)格，適合對脫硫效率要求高的規(guī)?；椖?。

　　The wet chelated iron catalytic oxidation method is the preferred process for efficient desulfurization. Relying on the redox properties of Fe ? ? complexes, hydrogen sulfide is directly oxidized to elemental sulfur, and the absorption solution can be recycled and regenerated. The desulfurization efficiency can reach over 99.5%, and the reaction rate is fast and the anti-interference ability is strong. It is suitable for high concentration hydrogen sulfide and atmospheric biogas treatment scenarios. Its core weakness is the high cost of catalysts, stricter requirements for operating processes, and suitability for large-scale projects with high desulfurization efficiency requirements.

　　不同工藝各有優(yōu)劣：干法脫硫適合精脫硫、小氣量場景，運(yùn)維簡單但脫硫劑消耗快；濕式催化氧化法適配規(guī)?；a(chǎn)，兼顧效率與資源回收；堿式生物法環(huán)保經(jīng)濟(jì)，酸式生物法需警惕安全隱患；濕式絡(luò)合鐵法效率非常高，但成本偏高。業(yè)內(nèi)專家表示，沼氣脫硫工藝的選型需結(jié)合沼氣氣量、硫化氫濃度、環(huán)保要求及運(yùn)維能力綜合判斷，選型不當(dāng)會導(dǎo)致設(shè)備損耗增加30%以上，甚至影響項目合規(guī)運(yùn)營。隨著沼氣資源化利用規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，合理選型、優(yōu)化工藝，將成為推動沼氣產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。

　　Different processes have their own advantages and disadvantages: dry desulfurization is suitable for fine desulfurization and small gas volume scenarios, with simple operation and maintenance but fast consumption of desulfurizers; Wet catalytic oxidation method is suitable for large-scale production, balancing efficiency and resource recovery; The alkaline biological method is environmentally friendly and economical, while the acid based biological method needs to be alert to safety hazards; The wet chelation iron method has the highest efficiency, but the cost is relatively high. Industry experts suggest that the selection of biogas desulfurization processes should be based on a comprehensive assessment of biogas volume, hydrogen sulfide concentration, environmental requirements, and operational capabilities. Improper selection can lead to equipment losses increasing by more than 30%, and even affect project compliance and operation. With the expansion of the scale of biogas resource utilization, precise selection and optimization of processes will become the key to promoting the high-quality development of the biogas industry.

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