近年來，沼氣的利用越來越普遍。將含有有機質(zhì)的廢水、固體垃圾等經(jīng)過厭氧處理后，不僅可以將垃圾減量化，而且能產(chǎn)生大量沼氣。在這個厭氧發(fā)酵的過程中，硫酸鹽還原細菌的作用下，也產(chǎn)生大量硫化氫。由于硫化氫有毒、腐蝕性強，如何有效且經(jīng)濟地處理這些沼氣中的硫化氫，是衡量一個沼氣利用項目成功的重要因素。隨著科技的發(fā)展、技術(shù)的更替，沼氣脫硫技術(shù)已發(fā)展到以生物脫硫為代表的第三代沼氣脫硫技術(shù)。其中生物脫硫又大體分為一體式生物脫硫和分離式生物脫硫兩大類。

In recent years, the utilization of biogas has become increasingly common. After anaerobic treatment of wastewater and solid waste containing organic matter, not only can the waste be reduced, but also a large amount of biogas can be generated. In this anaerobic fermentation process, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide is also produced under the action of sulfate reducing bacteria. Due to the toxicity and strong corrosiveness of hydrogen sulfide, how to effectively and economically treat the hydrogen sulfide in these biogas is an important factor in measuring the success of a biogas utilization project. With the development and replacement of technology, biogas desulfurization technology has evolved to the third generation of biogas desulfurization technology represented by biological desulfurization. Biological desulfurization can be broadly divided into two categories: integrated biological desulfurization and separated biological desulfurization.

一體式生物脫硫是指：將一定量的空氣導(dǎo)入含有硫化氫的沼氣中，混合氣體通過生物濾池、生物滴濾池以去除硫化氫，脫硫副產(chǎn)物一般為硫酸或者硫酸鹽，由于運行成本低，被廣泛應(yīng)用于沼氣脫硫發(fā)電項目中。

Integrated biological desulfurization refers to the process of introducing a certain amount of air into biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and then passing the mixed gas through a biological filter or a biological drip filter to remove hydrogen sulfide. The by-products of desulfurization are generally sulfuric acid or sulfate, which are widely used in biogas desulfurization power generation projects due to their low operating costs.

分離式生物脫硫工藝是指：含硫化氫的沼氣氣體首先進入生物洗滌塔，在塔內(nèi)與混合液中堿反應(yīng)，先從沼氣中脫除硫化氫，然后生物洗滌液進入生物反應(yīng)器。將反應(yīng)器中的硫化物轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫，同時堿液得到再生，重復(fù)使用。隨著嗜鹽脫硫菌的發(fā)現(xiàn)，分離式脫硫工藝得到長足發(fā)展。解決了一體式生物脫硫容易出現(xiàn)的硫填料易堵塞的問題。在沼氣提純CNG的工藝中、以及高濃度硫化氫的沼氣處理工藝中，分離式脫硫工藝占有優(yōu)勢。

The separated biological desulfurization process refers to the process in which the biogas gas containing hydrogen sulfide first enters the biological washing tower, where it reacts with alkali in the mixed solution to remove hydrogen sulfide from the biogas, and then the biological washing solution enters the bioreactor. Convert sulfides in the reactor into elemental sulfur, while regenerating the alkaline solution for reuse. With the discovery of halophilic desulfurization bacteria, the separated desulfurization process has made significant progress. Solved the problem of easy blockage of sulfur fillers in integrated biological desulfurization. In the process of purifying CNG from biogas and the treatment process of high concentration hydrogen sulfide biogas, the separated desulfurization process has advantages.

沼氣生物脫硫過程可以用雙膜理論來解釋，大致可以分為溶解吸收---吸附---轉(zhuǎn)化三個過程。

The process of biogas biological desulfurization can be explained by the dual membrane theory, which can be roughly divided into three processes: dissolution absorption adsorption conversion.

溶解吸收：沼氣中的硫化氫氣體在氣液界面上，由氣相轉(zhuǎn)移到液相。

Dissolution and absorption: Hydrogen sulfide gas in biogas is transferred from the gas phase to the liquid phase at the gas-liquid interface.

吸附：溶液中硫氫根離子被脫硫微生物吸附，從水中轉(zhuǎn)移至微生物體內(nèi)。

Adsorption: Hydrogen sulfide ions in the solution are adsorbed by desulfurization microorganisms and transferred from water to the microbial body.

轉(zhuǎn)化：在脫硫微生物體內(nèi)，硫氫根被轉(zhuǎn)化成單質(zhì)硫或硫酸根，作為吸收劑的堿液被再生，重新吸收硫化氫。

Conversion: In desulfurization microorganisms, sulfur ions are converted into elemental sulfur or sulfate ions, and the alkaline solution used as an absorbent is regenerated to reabsorb hydrogen sulfide.

在此過程中，有效控制一定的氧含量是脫硫細菌繁殖生存的必要條件，所以在這個生物脫硫工藝過程，對硫化氫（H2S）和氧氣（O2）的連續(xù)監(jiān)控是必要的。

Effective control of a certain oxygen content is a necessary condition for the reproduction and survival of desulfurization bacteria in this process. Therefore, continuous monitoring of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxygen (O2) is necessary in this biological desulfurization process.

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